Kenya is set to launch an ambitious nationwide livestock vaccination campaign this week, aiming to vaccinate 22 million cattle and 50 million goats and sheep over the next three years. However, fierce opposition from farmers, fueled by widespread misinformation, threatens to derail the initiative.
The government has pledged to cover all vaccination costs, but in Nakuru County’s Mai Mahiu area, resistance is palpable. Farmer Robert Nkukuu voiced the community’s frustration, warning: “If the community learns you support vaccination, you’ll face severe backlash. We don’t want it.”
The Government’s Vision
President William Ruto announced the vaccination campaign in November 2024, emphasizing its importance in combating diseases like foot-and-mouth in cattle and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in goats and sheep. These diseases, if controlled, could significantly boost Kenya’s livestock sector and meet export requirements by raising the vaccination rate from 10% to 85%.
The president, himself a livestock farmer, called the vaccines critical to expanding Kenya’s dairy and livestock industries. Kenya, which boasts one of Africa’s largest dairy sectors, could unlock new export opportunities through this initiative.
Misconceptions and Conspiracy Theories
Despite the program’s potential, it has been mired in controversy, with misinformation circulating widely on social media. Conspiracy theories link the campaign to Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates, falsely claiming he is funding the program to reduce livestock methane emissions.
Prominent figures have echoed these misconceptions. Influential farmer and former journalist Caleb Karuga declared his resistance to the campaign, citing alleged foreign influence. Opposition senator Ledama Olekina added fuel to the fire, claiming his livestock would not be vaccinated because “no cows in Europe or America are vaccinated for farting.”
Agriculture Ministry official Jonathan Mueke denied any involvement by Gates, emphasizing that the vaccines are fully funded by the Kenyan government. Nevertheless, the rumors persist, with skeptics questioning the program’s motives and safety.
Scientific Rebuttals
Experts have debunked the claims. Prof. Ermias Kebreab from the University of California, Davis, stated that no vaccine exists to reduce methane emissions in livestock. “There is no report that these vaccines alter DNA or cause deformities. They are similar to vaccines used to prevent diseases in humans,” he explained.
Agriculture Minister Mutahi Kagwe reiterated that the vaccines are produced locally and emphasized the voluntary nature of the program. However, the spread of misinformation has already undermined public trust.
Political and Social Backlash
Critics argue the government’s poor communication exacerbated the situation. Alphonce Shiundu, Kenya editor at AfricaCheck, highlighted a “trust deficit” due to insufficient transparency during the campaign’s rollout. Many farmers remain wary, citing past corruption scandals and the government’s unpopular tax policies.
Cartoonists and social media users have mocked the campaign with slogans like “My fart, my choice,” turning it into a national debate. The Kenya Veterinary Association (KVA) called for public awareness campaigns before proceeding with vaccinations.
The Urgency of Action
Despite opposition, the government insists the vaccination drive cannot wait. Recent outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease have led to livestock market closures and strict quarantine measures in western Kenya.
Dr. Allan Azegele, Director of Veterinary Services, argued that prevention through vaccination is far more cost-effective than responding to outbreaks. “We must act now to avoid further economic losses,” he stated.
Bridging the Divide
To address the concerns, Agriculture Minister Mutahi Kagwe pledged to engage stakeholders and increase transparency. Small-scale farmer Ngemu Musau supported the initiative but urged the government to prioritize public education. “I need assurance that my cattle will be safe,” he said.
The Road Ahead
The success of the vaccination campaign hinges on rebuilding trust, countering misinformation, and engaging communities. While the government has taken steps to address concerns, widespread skepticism highlights the need for clear communication and collaboration with stakeholders.
